• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device (1) for generatively producing a component (2) from a pulverulent starting material (3), wherein the device (1) has a buildup chamber (4) for the layered construction of the component (2) and a squeegee (6) which can be displaced in an application direction (5) ) for applying a respective powder layer (7) of the starting material (3) on a / in a working plane (8) lying / construction surface (9) / wherein the lateral surface (10) of the doctor blade (6) to the working plane (8) directed towards Leveling surface (11) for leveling the layer thickness of the powder layer (7) has a first displacement surface (13) / which is inclined relative to the working plane (8) at an angle (20) of 90 ° +/- 1 ° / for shifting starting material (3) in the application direction (5) and a step surface (15) / deviates from a plane parallel to the working plane (8) by less than 5 ° / wherein the lateral surface (10) further comprises a second displacement surface (17) for moving starting material (17) 3) in the order A direction (5). (Fig. 2)
    公开号:AT520468A2
    申请号:T399/2017
    申请日:2017-10-09
    公开日:2019-04-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Metallwaren Weirather OHG；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    Device (1) for the additive manufacturing of a component (2) from a powdery starting material (3), the device (1) comprising a build-up chamber (4) for building up the component (2) in layers and a squeegee that can be moved in an application direction (5) 6) for applying a respective powder layer (7) of the
    The starting material (3) has a build-up surface (9) lying in a working plane (8), the outer surface (10) of the doctor blade (6) having a leveling surface (11) facing the working plane (8) for leveling the layer thickness of the powder layer (7), a first sliding surface (13), which is inclined at an angle (20) of 90 ° +/- 10 ° with respect to the working plane (8), for moving starting material (3) into the
    Application direction (5), and has a step surface (15) which deviates from a plane parallel to the working plane (8) by less than 5 °, the lateral surface (10) further comprising a second displacement surface (17) for displacing starting material (3 ) in the application direction (5). (Fig. 2) / 37
    Dr. Thomas Fechner
    Hörnlingerstr. 3, PO Box 5
    6830 Rankweil, Austria
    Patent attorneys
    Hofmann S <Fechner
    T +43 (0) 5522 73 137 F +43 (0) 5522 73 137-10 M office@vpat.at
    I www.vpat.at
    28288/35
    170922
    The present invention relates to a device for the additive manufacturing of a component from a powdery starting material, the device having a build-up chamber for building up the component in layers and a squeegee which can be moved in an application direction for applying a respective powder layer of the starting material to a build-up surface lying in a working plane , wherein the outer surface of the squeegee is a leveling surface directed towards the working plane for leveling the layer thickness of the powder layer, a first sliding surface adjoining it via an angle or via a first transition surface, which is inclined at an angle of 90 ° +/- 10 ° with respect to the working plane , for moving the starting material in the application direction, and has a step surface adjoining the first displacement surface via an angle or via a second transition surface, which is parallel to the working plane or from a parallel extension direction to the working level deviates by less than 5 °. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a component.
    Devices of the type mentioned at the beginning are used for the cost-effective production of prototypes, test vehicles or end products, e.g. Small series or individual pieces, made of formless raw material. Processes for producing a component from powdered starting material are also referred to as powder bed processes, in which a powdered starting material is solidified by selective melting or sintering of the starting material.
    It is typical of powder bed processes that the component to be manufactured is built up in layers. For this purpose, there is a component layer model derived from a virtual 3D model, which defines the desired structure of a respective component layer. The powdery starting material is squeegee / 37 ·· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·· ····· ·· ·· • ·· ···· ···· · • · · · ··· · • ·· · ·· ·· ·· * '* 2 ...........
    applied over the entire surface, in a predetermined layer thickness, to a building surface and by means of an energy source, e.g. solidified by means of a laser or an electron beam source according to a single layer of the layer model to form a component layer. The energy introduced by the energy source is absorbed by the powdery starting material and leads to a locally limited sintering or melting of the powder particles. At the same time, the melting or sintering results in a connection to a component layer that may have been produced in the previous work step. After completion of the respective component layer, the build-up surface is generally lowered vertically and a new powder layer of powdery starting material is applied to the previously applied powder layer by means of the squeegee, etc. Overall, the component is thus produced layer by layer in the vertical direction, so that even complicated, e.g. undercut structures can be created. The non-sintered or melted powdered raw material serves as a support structure.
    An essential quality criterion of the component to be manufactured is the homogeneity of the powder layer, i.e. affects the density of the starting material and the uniformity of the layer thickness. In the case of a doctor blade with a customary blade cross section, the amount of powder displaced by the doctor blade leads to a pre-compression of the starting material in the powder layer due to the weight of the starting material at the beginning of the displacement path. Towards the end of the displacement path, the effect of the pre-compaction is less due to the progressive consumption of starting material and thus a lower weight of the powder quantity displaced by the doctor blade. The density of the powdery starting material in the powder layer is thus often lower at the end of the displacement path, which can lead to poor dimensional accuracy of the component layer to be produced in this area. At uneven points in the powder layer or at points with a lower density of the starting material, there is no starting material for the production of the component, which can also lead to unevenness or inclusions in the component.
    / 37
    • · ·
    US 2007/0245950 A1 shows a device of the type mentioned at the outset. The doctor blade disclosed in this document has a circular cylindrical basic shape, a groove in the form of an asymmetrical V with a cut-off tip being incorporated into the outer surface of the doctor blade for receiving a predefined amount of powder. The groove has a sliding surface for moving raw material in the application direction. Furthermore, the bottom of the groove formed by the cut-off tip can be viewed as a step surface which is aligned parallel to the surface of the structure. In addition to a translational movement, the doctor blade also carries out a superimposed rotational movement. After the powder layer has been applied to the build-up surface, the powdery starting material is additionally pressed on with the section of the circumferential surface in the form of a cylindrical cylinder. The powder volume that can be accommodated in the groove limits the areal expansion or the maximum layer thickness of the powder layer.
    The object of the invention is to provide an advantageous device of the type mentioned at the outset, with which a layer of powder which is as homogeneous as possible can be applied.
    This is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1.
    The invention provides that the lateral surface has a second displacement surface adjoining the step surface via an angled section or via a third transition surface, which is inclined at an angle of 90 ° +/- 10 ° with respect to the working plane, for displacing starting material in the application direction .
    The lateral surface of the doctor blade thus has a second displacement surface in addition to the first displacement surface, both displacement surfaces serving to shift the starting material in the application direction. The respective sliding surface is inclined at most +/- 10 ° with respect to the right-angled orientation to the working plane. By limiting the inclination of the sliding surfaces
    4/37 • · • ··· ···· ·· ····· ·· ·· • ·· ···· ···· · • · · ♦ · ··· · • ·· · · ····· ”* 4 ...........
    ensures that the impact of powdered starting material on the sliding surface during the application of the powder layer means that no or only a negligible vertical force is transferred to the powder bed.
    The step surface of the lateral surface limits the height of the powdery starting material, i.e. the amount of powder during the application of the powder layer on the build-up surface in an area in front of the first displacement surface. As a result, the influence of the dead weight of the powdered starting material in the area in front of the first displacement surface is limited and largely constant over the entire displacement path of the doctor blade over the surface of the body.
    The leveling surface of the lateral surface can also be referred to as a peeling surface. A point of the smallest distance of the leveling surface from the working plane defines the layer thickness of the applied powder layer. If the leveling surface is level and parallel to the working plane, each point of the leveling surface forms a point of the smallest distance between the leveling surface and the working plane.
    A distance orthogonal to the working plane of a deepest point of the leveling surface (= position of the smallest distance of the leveling surface from the working plane) from a deepest point of the step surface (= position of the smallest distance of the step surface from the working plane) is advantageously at least 1mm and at most 5mm, especially preferably at least 2mm and at most 4mm.
    The second displacement surface is arranged in front of the first displacement surface in relation to the direction of application and thus enables powdery starting material to be advanced with the second displacement surface in a first part of the displacement path before it is displaced by the first displacement surface in a later part of the displacement path or even later on with the leveling surface in the desired layer thickness. Overall, this can even out the density of the powdery / 37 ·· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·· ····· ··· · ······· ······· ····· · • · · · · ···· • · · · · · ·· ·· ** * 5 ...........
    Starting material in the powder layer can be reached via the displacement path of the squeegee. In particular, this eliminates the need for additional smooth rolling of the powder layer.
    It is preferably provided that the doctor blade cannot be rotated with respect to a longitudinal axis of the doctor blade, at least during the movement in the application direction when applying the powder layer.
    The lateral surface in those sections in which the leveling surface and the first displacement surface or the step surface and the second displacement surface are arranged can also be referred to as stepped. I.e. the outer contour of the lateral surface runs from the leveling surface to the second sliding surface in two stages, i.e. stepwise. In particular in an arrangement in which two adjoining surfaces are connected to one another via an angle, the steps are clearly visible. For the purposes of the invention, however, a lateral surface is also considered to be step-shaped, in which a transition surface is arranged between the leveling surface and the first sliding surface and / or between the first sliding surface and the step surface and / or between the step surface and the second sliding surface.
    The squeegee could also be referred to as a powder distributor, leveling element, puller or scraper bar or as a puller.
    The working level is advantageously aligned horizontally.
    The build-up surface can be formed by the powder layer applied in a previous work step. If a component layer made of powdered starting material has already been solidified in the previous work step, for example by means of a laser, the build-up surface is composed of the upward-facing surface of the previously produced component layer and the surface (s) of the non-consolidated starting material adjacent to this surface applied / 37 • ····· ·· ·· • · · · ··· ···· · • · · · · ··· · • · · · · · ·· ·· * 6 ... ........
    Powder layer. Before applying the first layer of powder, the
    Build-up surface can also be formed by a floor of the build-up chamber, in particular displaceable in the vertical direction.
    It can be provided that the leveling surface, at least in sections, is aligned parallel to the working plane. In a preferred embodiment, the leveling surface is inclined by less than 10 ° with respect to the working plane. The leveling surface could be flat and inclined as a whole by less than 10 ° with respect to the working plane. On the other hand, it is also possible for the leveling surface to have a free form, it preferably being provided that a tangent applied at any point on the leveling surface is inclined by less than 10 ° with respect to the working plane.
    An advantageous embodiment of the leveling surface provides that it is curved with a radius of curvature which is in a range from 5 mm to 70 mm, preferably from 10 mm to 50 mm, in relation to a view orthogonal to the direction of application and parallel to the working plane.
    It is preferably provided that the third transition surface, if there is one, only rises from the step surface to the second displacement surface or runs parallel to the working plane. In other words, starting from the step surface to the second transition surface, the third transition surface thus preferably does not have a section falling in the direction of the working plane.
    It is advantageously provided that the step surface, starting from the bend between the first sliding surface and the step surface or the second transition surface to the bend between the step surface and the second sliding surface or the third transition surface, only rises or runs parallel to the working plane. In other words, the step surface has no undercut when viewed in a viewing direction opposite to the application direction. This allows the powdered raw material to be processed under controlled conditions,
    i.e. with a defined height, the first sliding surface or the leveling surface / 37 · «·· ···· ···· ·· ·· • · · · · · · · · • ·· · ··· ···· · • · · ♦ · ··· · • ·· · «· ·· ·· '* 7 ...........
    be fed. An undercut could possibly have an unfavorable influence on the inflow of powdered starting material.
    In a possible embodiment, the lateral surface can have a further step surface that adjoins the second displacement surface via an angle or a fourth transition surface, the further step surface lying parallel to the working plane or deviating from a plane parallel to the working plane by less than 5 °. Advantageously, the further step surface, starting from the said bend between the second sliding surface and further step surface or the fourth transition surface, only rises or runs parallel to the working plane. The second step surface also limits the height of the powdery starting material supplied to the second sliding surface.
    It can be provided that the first transition surface and / or the second transition surface and / or the third transition surface and / or the fourth transition surface, in each case to the extent that such a transition surface is present, is or are curved. The radius of curvature of the first transition surface is advantageously in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.4 mm to 1 mm. The radius of curvature of the second transition surface and / or the fourth transition surface is advantageously in a range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 4 mm. The radius of curvature of the third transition surface is advantageously in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 1.5 mm to 5 mm. Experiments have shown that transition surfaces with a curved configuration are advantageous for the uniformity of the powder layer.
    Alternatively, it is also conceivable and possible that the first transition surface and / or the second transition surface and / or the third transition surface and / or the fourth transition surface is or are flat, the flat first transition surface and / or the flat second transition surface and / or the flat third transition surface and / or the flat fourth transition surface with the working plane enclose or enclose an angle of more than 5 ° and less than 50 °. A newly formed transition surface could also / 37 · <· · · <··· ·· ····· · · ·· • «· · ··· · ··· · • · · · · · · ·« • · · · · · ·· · · " *8th...........
    be called chamfer or chamfer. The extent of a flat transition surface, measured in a direction parallel to the direction of application, can be applied in accordance with the values of the corresponding radii of curvature given in connection with the curved design. For example, the extent of the first transition surface just formed, measured in one direction parallel to the direction of application, is advantageously in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, etc.
    The minimum distance measured in the application direction between the first displacement surface and the second displacement surface is advantageously at least 3 mm and at most 20 mm, preferably at least 5 mm and at most 15 mm.
    In a possible embodiment variant it can be provided that the outer surface of the doctor blade has a first section which extends from the point of the smallest distance of the leveling surface from the working plane at least up to and including the second displacement surface, and that the outer surface furthermore has a second partial section, which corresponds to the first partial section mirrored on a vertical central plane which penetrates the lateral surface at a point of the smallest distance of the leveling surface from the working plane. Such a doctor blade is suitable for applying a powder layer in an application direction and for applying a powder layer in a counter-application direction opposite to the application direction. Overall, the time for applying the powder layers can be reduced in this way, since it is not necessary to return the doctor blade to a starting point after the application of a powder layer. The first and the second partial section of the lateral surface advantageously adjoin one another at the point at which the central plane penetrates the leveling surface of the first partial section.
    The powdered starting material can be powdered as metal powder, ceramic powder or plastic, e.g. made of polyamide, wherein the powdered starting material can be present, for example, in the form of a ground base material or in the form of beads or fine granules. Mixtures of / 37
    ·· ·· ··· ·· «· · * ·· mentioned powders are conceivable and possible. The starting material can also contain a binder for connecting the materials mentioned.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a component with a device according to the invention, the powder layer being applied by means of the doctor blade by displacing the starting material in the application direction over a displacement path. The quantity of powdered starting material shifted with the doctor blade extends over a first part of the displacement path at least to the second displacement surface, i.e. Over the first part of the displacement path, powdery starting material is displaced with the second displacement surface. In an advantageous embodiment, in which a powder layer is applied by means of the doctor blade by shifting the starting material in the application direction over a displacement path, the amount of powdered starting material shifted with the doctor blade extends to the further step surface or higher.
    Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below with reference to the exemplary embodiments of devices according to the invention shown in the figures. In these figures:
    1-3 are schematic representations of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention at different times;
    4 shows an isometric illustration of a doctor blade of the device according to FIG. 1; FIG. 5 shows an end view of the doctor blade according to FIG. 4;
    FIG. 6 shows detail A according to FIG. 5;
    FIG. 7 shows a first alternative embodiment variant to the doctor blade shown in FIG. 5 in a representation analogous to FIG. 6;
    FIG. 8 shows a second alternative embodiment variant to the doctor blade shown in FIG. 5 in a representation analogous to FIG. 6;
    9 is a front view of a doctor blade of a second device according to the invention, and / 37 ·· ·· ·· »· ···· ·· ·· • · · · · · · ·· • · · 9 ·· *« ·· ·· • * · · · · ··· • · · · · ♦ · ··· «· ·· ··· 4« · »···«
    Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of the workflow of the device according to the second embodiment.
    In the first exemplary embodiment, the device 1 has a storage chamber 50 for storing powdered starting material 3. The volume of the storage chamber 50 is variable, a bottom of the storage chamber 50 being formed by a surface of a metering piston 52 which can be displaced in the vertical direction. The double arrow in Fig. 1 illustrates the vertical displaceability of the metering piston 52. The storage chamber 50 penetrates a process chamber floor 54 in the vertical direction, i.e. The storage chamber 50 forms an opening in the process chamber floor 54 and is thus open to a process chamber (not shown separately) of the device 1.
    1 shows that by moving the metering piston 52 in the vertical direction, a quantity of powdery starting material 3 required for the application of a powder layer 7 has already been shifted upwards over a plane in which the process chamber floor 54 is located.
    Furthermore, the device 1 has a build-up chamber 4 for building up a component 2 in layers. The volume of the build-up chamber 4 is also variable, a bottom of the build-up chamber 4 being formed by a surface of a build-up piston 51 which can be displaced in the vertical direction. The double arrow here also illustrates the vertical displaceability of the assembly piston 51. The assembly chamber 4 penetrates the process chamber floor 54 in the vertical direction, i.e. The build-up chamber 4 forms an opening in the process chamber floor 54, and is thus open to the process chamber of the device 1.
    A squeegee 6 of the device 1 can be moved in and against the application direction 5. By means of the squeegee 6, the powdery starting material 3 located above the plane in which the process chamber floor 54 is located can be moved in an application direction 5 from the storage chamber 50 to the build-up chamber 4, specifically onto a build-up surface 9 of the build-up chamber 4. The squeegee 6 / 37 ·· * ··· ···· ·· W »• · * ♦ 9« · · «• · ·« ·· «« · »· · • · · · · · ·· · * € · · · · ··· «·· ·» ··· Λ9 ···· is used on the one hand to move the starting material 3 to the build-up chamber 4 and further to apply a respective powder layer 7 of the starting material 3 on the build-up surface 9.
    The build-up surface 9 lies in the horizontally oriented working plane 8. In the exemplary embodiment, the working plane 8 is arranged below the process chamber floor 54 in relation to the vertical. The build-up surface 9 can be formed by non-solidified particles of the surface of the powdery starting material 3 of a previously applied powder layer and the surface of an already solidified component layer of the component 2. Before the first powder layer is applied, the build-up surface 9 corresponds to the bottom of the build-up chamber 4, i.e. the top of the build-up piston 51. The build-up surface 9 could, however, also be formed entirely from non-solidified starting material 3 of a previously applied powder layer, e.g. after the application of a first powder layer, which for example can prevent the component 2 to be adhered from adhering to the bottom of the build-up chamber 4.
    In the exemplary embodiment, the device 1 has a laser 53 for sintering or melting the powdery starting material 3 by means of electromagnetic radiation, cf. Fig. 1. The device 1 of the embodiment could therefore be referred to as a selective laser sintering device. If the starting material 3 is completely melted, one could also speak of a selective laser melting device. An electron beam source or another heat source, which is suitable for sintering or melting the powdery starting material 3, can in principle be used instead of a laser.
    The laser beam emitted by laser 53 is guided over a corresponding part of a respectively applied powder layer 7 in accordance with the component layer to be produced, which is predetermined by a 3D model or a layer model derived therefrom. The power of the laser 53 is selected such that a connection of the melted or sintered in the powder layer 7
    Starting material 3 is carried out with a component layer of component 2 produced in a previous work step. This is known in and of itself.
    After completion of the preceding component layer in accordance with the layer model, the build-up piston 51 is shifted downwards in the vertical direction, cf. Fig. 2. Furthermore, the doctor blade 6 is used to apply a new powder layer 7 to the build-up surface 9, which is formed by the surface of the unconsolidated starting material 3 of the previously formed powder layer and the previously produced top component layer of component 2.
    3, the powder layer 7 is applied almost completely to the build-up surface 9, the previously produced component layer of component 2 being already completely covered with powdered starting material 3.
    After the powder layer 7 has been applied, the doctor blade 6 is moved into the starting position shown in FIG. 1 and is then already ready for the application of the next powder layer. Then the aforementioned movement of the metering piston 52 takes place in the vertical direction upwards in order to raise the amount of powder required for applying the next powder layer 7 above the level in which the process chamber floor 54 lies. After the powder layer 7 has been completely applied, the starting material 3 is further solidified in the powder layer 7 to produce the next component layer by means of the laser 53.
    The device 1 shown in FIGS. 1-3 is shown in simplified form, in particular only the process chamber bottom 54 of the process chamber of the device 1 already mentioned is shown. As is known per se, the process chamber can be separated from the atmosphere. In order to avoid oxidation of the powdery starting material 3 during sintering or melting, it is advantageous if the entire process chamber can be filled with a protective gas, for example with CO 2, during the processing time.
    Basically, the device 1 according to the invention is also suitable for powdered starting material 3 which contains ceramic or metal. Plastic, for example polyamide, is particularly preferred as powdery starting material 3
    15.
    The powdery starting material 3 and also the entire process chamber including the build-up chamber 4 are advantageously preheated, e.g. to a temperature between 150 ° and 250 ° or more. The preheating temperature can vary depending on the type of powdered starting material 3, a temperature which is advantageously chosen to be 10 ° to 15 ° below the melting temperature of the starting material 3.
    The squeegee 6 consists of heat-resistant steel in the exemplary embodiment. In principle, however, the doctor blade could also be made from other materials, in particular metals.
    The doctor blade 6 is elongated along a longitudinal axis 41 and, in the exemplary embodiment, has a circular cylindrical basic shape, into which the contours described below are introduced, cf. Fig. 4. The lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6 runs straight in relation to the direction of the longitudinal axis 41. The longitudinal axis 41 is orthogonal to the application direction 5 and parallel to the working plane 8.
    There follows a description of the different sections of the lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6, specifically with reference to a view of the doctor blade 6, the direction of view of which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 41 of the doctor blade 6.
    The lateral surface 10 has a section which forms a leveling surface 11 directed towards the working plane 8 for leveling a layer thickness 38 of the powder layer 7. The leveling surface 11 extends in the first exemplary embodiment, based on the application direction 5, from a point of the smallest distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 to a transition point at which the lateral surface 10 is less than 10 ° with respect to a parallel to the working plane 8 / 37 ····· ·· ·· • ·· ···· · ··· · ···· · · · · · • ·· · ·· ·· ·· * '* 14 ..... ......
    Plane is inclined, cf. Fig. 6. At the location of the smallest distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8, the leveling surface 11 or its tangent lying in a vertical plane lying parallel to the application direction 5 is parallel to the working plane 8. The leveling surface 11 is therefore the one in place the smallest distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 is the region of the lateral surface 10 which is inclined by less than 10 ° with respect to the working plane 8.
    The location of the smallest distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 is therefore also the location of the smallest distance of the leveling surface 11 from the working level 8. The smallest distance between the leveling surface 11 and the working level 8 defines the layer thickness 38 of a respective powder layer 7. The smallest distance the leveling surface 11, and thus the layer thickness 38 of the powder layer 7, can for example be in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, for example 0.3mm.
    In the exemplary embodiment, the leveling surface 11 is curved, the leveling surface 11 being formed by a section of a circular cylinder jacket. The radius of curvature 32 of the leveling surface 11 is 25 mm in the exemplary embodiment. Other values for the radius of curvature 32 of the leveling surface 11 are also conceivable and possible, as has already been mentioned. The radius of curvature of the leveling surface 11 could also be variable.
    A first sliding surface 13 adjoins the leveling surface 11 via a curved first transition surface 12. The first displacement surface 13 is inclined at an angle 20 of 90 ° + / 10 ° over its entire extent with respect to the working plane 8. The first sliding surface 13 is used to move the starting material 3 in the application direction 5. The angle 20 of the sliding surface 13 of 90 ° +/- 10 ° ensures that no vertical force or only a small proportion of a vertical force from the first is applied during the application of the powder layer 7 Sliding surface 13 is transferred to the powdery starting material 3, which ensures a homogeneous powder layer 7.
    The first sliding surface 13 is connected by a curved second / 37 ····· · · ·· • ·· · · · · ···· · • · · · · · · · · • ·· · · · ·· · * '15 ...........
    Transition surface 14 on a step surface 15. The step surface 15 is aligned essentially parallel to the working plane 8. In this context, “essentially” means that the step surface 15 forms an angle of less than 5 ° with the working plane 8 over the entire extent of the step surface 15.
    The lateral surface 10 furthermore has a second displacement surface 17 adjoining the step surface 15 via a curved third transition surface 16. The second displacement surface 17 also serves to shift powdered starting material 3 in the application direction 5. The second displacement surface 17 encloses an angle of 90 ° +/- 10 ° over its entire extent with the working plane 8. Relative to the application direction 5, the second displacement surface 17 is arranged in front of the first displacement surface 13.
    Starting from the step surface 15 to the second displacement surface 17, the third transition surface 16 runs only ascending or parallel to the working plane 8. the third transition surface 16 has no sloping section in a direction towards the working plane 8 with respect to the application direction 5. In other words, it is provided that the distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 in the region of the third transition surface 16 increases with increasing distance from a vertical central plane 24 which penetrates the lateral surface 10 at the location of the smallest distance between the leveling surface 11 and the working plane 8, only increases or is constant.
    In the first exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the step surface 15 also only increases from the second transition surface 14 to the third transition surface 16 or runs parallel to the working plane 8. I.e. the step surface 15 has no sloping section in a direction toward the working plane 8 with respect to the application direction 5. The distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 thus only increases in the area of the step surface 15 with increasing distance from the vertical central plane 24 between the first displacement surface 13 and the second displacement surface 17 or is constant.
    / 37 ····· ·· · · • · · ···· · · · · · • «· · ··· · · · · · · ·· · · ··” Ίό ’
    In the first exemplary embodiment, a further step surface 19 adjoins the second sliding surface 17 via a curved fourth transition surface 18, as is preferred. The further step surface 19 encloses an angle of less than 5 ° over its entire extent with the working plane 8. It is advantageously provided that the distance of the lateral surface 10 from the working plane 8 in the region of the further step surface 19 increases or is constant with increasing distance from the vertical central plane 24 starting from the second displacement surface 17. The further step surface 19 thus also has no sloping section towards the working level 8 with respect to the application direction 5.
    Furthermore, the lateral surface 10 has a curved fifth transition surface 43 adjoining the further step surface 19. Starting from the further step surface 19, the fifth transition surface 43 advantageously extends only in an increasing or constant manner with respect to the application direction 5.
    In the first exemplary embodiment, the first and second displacement surfaces 13, 17 each have a central region which is oriented exactly orthogonally to the working plane 8 (not marked separately in the figures). The central area is adjoined by curved sections, the tangents of which deviate less than 10 ° from the orthogonal orientation to the working plane 8. The curved sections merge tangentially into the adjoining transition surfaces 12, 14, 16 and 18.
    In the first embodiment, the step surface 15 and the further step surface 19 each comprise a central area which is aligned exactly parallel to the working plane 8. This is followed by curved sections (not shown in the figures), each of which has tangents that enclose less than 5 ° with the working plane 8.
    As already explained, the first transition surface 12, the second transition surface 14, the third transition surface 16 and the fourth transition surface 18 are in the first / 37 ····· ·· · · • ·· · · · · · · · · · · ··· · ··· · «· · · ·· ·· ·· * '* 17 ..........
    Embodiment designed curved. The radius of curvature 12 'of the first transition surface 12 is advantageously in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. In the exemplary embodiment, the radius of curvature is 12 '0.5 mm. The radius of curvature 14 'of the second transition surface 14 is preferably in a range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, for example 3 mm. The radius of curvature 16 'of the third transition surface 16 is advantageously in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm, for example 2 mm. The radius of curvature 18 'of the fourth transition surface 18 is preferably in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm. In the embodiment, the radius of curvature is 18 '4mm. The curved transition surfaces 12, 14, 16 and 18 of the first exemplary embodiment are each formed by a circular cylinder jacket section with a constant radius of curvature. Transition surfaces with a variable radius of curvature are also conceivable and possible.
    A minimal distance 26 measured in the application direction 5 between the first displacement surface 13 and the second displacement surface 17 is advantageously at least 3 mm and at most 20 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm. The minimum distance 26 is 12 mm in the exemplary embodiment.
    In the first exemplary embodiment, an extent 27 of the step surface 15 measured in the application direction 5 is at least 50% of the minimum distance 26 of the first displacement surface 15 from the second displacement surface 17 measured in the application direction 5.
    6 shows a distance 36, measured in the application direction 5, of an end of the further step surface 19 remote from the second displacement surface 17 from the closest point of the second displacement surface 17. In the exemplary embodiment, the extent 42 of the further step surface 19 measured in the application direction 5 is at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, of the distance 36.
    The distance 28 measured in a direction orthogonal to the working plane 8 of the / 37 • ··· ········ · · ·· ····· ·· · · • ·· · ··· ···· ···· · ··· · • · · · ♦ · · · ·· ”Ίβ .......
    The location of the leveling surface 11, which is the smallest distance from the working plane 8, from the closest point of the step surface 15 is advantageously at least 1 mm and at most 5 mm. As a result, the influence of the dead weight of the powdery starting material 3 acting on the powder bed 7 can be limited and the homogeneity of the powder layer 7 can be improved.
    An extent 31 of the first displacement surface 13 measured in a direction orthogonal to the working plane 8 is preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably more than 30%, of the minimum distance 28 of the stepped surface 15 measured orthogonally to the working plane 8 from the location of the leveling surface 11, which is the smallest Has distance from the working plane 8.
    Advantageously, the minimum distance 26 of the first sliding surface 15 from the second sliding surface 17 measured in the application direction 5 is more than twice the minimum distance 28 of the step surface 15 measured orthogonally to the working plane 8 from the location of the leveling surface 11, which is the smallest distance from the working plane 8 having.
    The minimum distance 34 of the step surface 15 from the further step surface 19 measured in a direction orthogonal to the working plane 8 is advantageously at least 3 mm and at most 15 mm. In the first exemplary embodiment, the minimum distance 34 is greater than the minimum distance 28.
    In the first exemplary embodiment, as is also preferred, the doctor blade 6 is held so that it cannot rotate, i.e. the alignment of the respective sliding surfaces 13, 17 or the step surfaces 15, 19 is unchangeable at least during the application of the starting material 3 to the building surface 9.
    The step surface 15 and / or the further step surface 19 and / or at least one of, for example all, the transition surfaces 12, 14, 16 and 18 could be coated with a non-stick coating. Such coatings are well known and enable a reduced friction quotient on the / 37 ·· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·· ····· ·· ·· • · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · ··· · • · · · · · · · ·· ”** 19 .......
    Interface between the doctor blade 6 and the powdery starting material 3.
    When the squeegee 6 is displaced in the application direction 5, the powdery starting material 3 displaced with the squeegee 6 extends over a first part of a displacement path at least to the second displacement surface 17 or also beyond, cf. Fig. 2. In the first exemplary embodiment, the shifted amount of the powdered starting material 3 extends at least over a first part of the displacement path to the further step surface 19. In principle, it would be conceivable that the lateral surface 10 also has a third, designed analogously to the first and second displacement surfaces Has displacement surface with which powdered starting material 3 is displaced over a first part of the displacement path.
    FIG. 7 shows a modification of the section of the lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6 shown in FIG. 6. The following mainly deals with the differences from the section of the lateral surface shown in FIG. 6. Apart from the differences listed below, the explanations for the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 also apply to the modification of the lateral surface 10 shown in FIG. 7.
    In the embodiment variant of the lateral surface 10 shown in FIG. 7, the first displacement surface 13 adjoins the leveling surface 11 via an angled portion 25. The first sliding surface 13 also adjoins the step surface 15 directly via an angled portion 25. The stepped surface 15 adjoins the second displacement surface 17 via an angled portion 25. In addition, the second sliding surface 17 and the further step surface 19 directly adjoin one another via an angled portion 25.
    The first sliding surface 13 and the second sliding surface 17 are flat and aligned orthogonally to the working plane 8. The step surface 15 and the further step surface 19 are also planar and lie parallel to the working plane 8. The measured in a direction orthogonal to the working plane 8/37 «· ·· ···· ··· * ·· ·· ···· · · · ·· • · · · ··· · ··· · • · * · · ··· · • «· ·· ·· ··” 20 ...........
    Extension 31 of the first sliding surface 17 is more than 80% of the minimum distance 28 of the step surface 15 from the location of the leveling surface 11, which is the smallest distance from the working plane 8.
    In relation to the application direction 5, the extent TI of the step surface 15 corresponds to the minimum distance 26 between the first displacement surface 13 and the second displacement surface 17. The extent 42 of the further step surface 19 measured in the application direction 5 corresponds to the distance 36 of the second displacement surface in this embodiment variant 17 remote end of the further step surface 19 from the second displacement surface 17, based on the application direction 5. With regard to the formation of the leveling surface 11, reference is made to the explanations for the first exemplary embodiment.
    FIG. 8 shows a second alternative variant of the section of the lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6 shown in FIG. 6. The following mainly deals with the differences from the section of the lateral surface shown in FIG. 6. Apart from the differences listed below, the explanations for the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 also apply to this modification of the lateral surface 10.
    A difference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is that the respective transition surfaces 12, 14, 16, 18 and 43 are flat. The first displacement surface 13 and the second displacement surface 17 are also planar, with these being aligned orthogonally to the working plane 8 in this second embodiment. However, the first displacement surface 13 and the second displacement surface 17 could also be inclined at an angle of less than +/- 10 ° with respect to the orthogonal orientation. The step surface 15 and the further step surface 19 are flat and are parallel to the working plane 8. With regard to the geometric relationships of the dimensions TI, 31, 35, and 42 and the distances 26, 28, 34 and 36 of the lateral surface 10, reference is again made to the explanations referenced to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
    / 37 • ········ · · ·· • · · · · · ···· · ··· · • · · · ♦ ·
    The dimension 40, measured in one direction parallel to the application direction 5, of the transition surfaces 12, 14, 16, 18 and 43 which have just been formed is advantageously based in each case on the values of the corresponding radii of curvature 12 'mentioned in connection with the explanations for the curved design of the transition surfaces. 14 '16' 18 'or 33, ie corresponding to the explanations for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. That is, the extent 40 of the first transition surface 12 measured in a direction parallel to the application direction 5 is preferably in a range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, for example 0.5 mm. The extent 40 of the second transition surface 14 measured in a direction parallel to the application direction 5 is preferably in a range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, for example 3 mm. The extent 40 of the third transition surface 16 measured in a direction parallel to the application direction 5 is preferably in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm, for example 2 mm. The dimension 40 of the fourth transition surface 14 measured in a direction parallel to the application direction 5 is preferably in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm, for example 4 mm.
    In the second embodiment variant, the first transition surface 12, the second transition surface 14, the third transition surface 16 and the fourth transition surface 18 each form an angle 39 of more than 5 ° and less than 50 ° with the working plane 8, as is also preferred. The fifth transition surface 43 also includes the working plane 8 at an angle (not specified) of more than 5 ° and less than 50 °.
    9 and 10, a second embodiment of a device 1 is shown. The explanations for the second exemplary embodiment mainly refer to the differences from the first exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6. Apart from the differences listed below, the explanations for the first exemplary embodiment also apply to the second exemplary embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention.
    In the second exemplary embodiment it is provided that the lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6/37 ·· ·· ···· ···· ·· ·· «···· ·· ·· • · · · ··· · ·· · · ···· · · · · · • · · · · <♦ · · · · has a first section 29. The first subsection 29 of the lateral surface 10 of the second exemplary embodiment corresponds to the section of the lateral surface 10 of the first exemplary embodiment which, based on the application direction 5, differs from the location of the smallest distance of the leveling surface 11 from the working plane 8 to that remote from the vertical central plane 24 End of the further step surface 19 extends. With regard to the geometric configuration of the first section 29, reference is made to the explanations for the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
    In the second exemplary embodiment, the lateral surface 10 of the doctor blade 6 has a second partial section 30, which corresponds to the first partial section 29 mirrored on the vertical central plane 24, which penetrates the lateral surface 10 at the location of the smallest distance of the leveling surface 11 from the working plane 8, cf. . Fig. 9. In the exemplary embodiment, the first section 29 and the second section 30 directly adjoin one another at the location of the smallest distance of the leveling surface 11 from the working plane 8.
    While the doctor blade 6 according to the first exemplary embodiment has only one application direction 5, in which powdered starting material 3 is applied to the build-up surface 9, the device 1 in the second exemplary embodiment has the possibility of also applying powder in a counter-application direction 37 opposite to the application direction 5 9 to be applied, cf. Fig. 10.
    The device 1 of the second exemplary embodiment has, in addition to the storage container 50 known from the first exemplary embodiment, a further storage container 50, which is shown on the right-hand side of FIG. 10. The two storage containers 50 are of identical design. With such an arrangement, it is possible to move the doctor blade 6 in the application direction 5 and to apply the corresponding powder layer 7 to the build-up surface 9. After the powder layer 7 has been applied, the doctor blade 6 passes over the further storage container 50 shown on the right side of FIG. 10. To apply the next one
    23/37 ·· ·· ···· »··· ·· ·· 4 ···· ·· ♦ · • ·« · ··· · ··· · ···· · ··· · * * * * * *
    Powder layer Ί the dosing piston 52 of the right storage chamber 50 is raised.
    The next powder layer 7 is then applied by moving the doctor blade 6 in the counter-application direction 37
    Production of component 2 can be reduced.
    In addition, it is pointed out that the first section of the lateral surface could also be designed in accordance with the alternative embodiment variant of the lateral surface shown in FIG. 7 or 8, the second partial section of the lateral surface corresponding to the first partial section mirrored on the vertical central plane.
    In the exemplary embodiments, the doctor blade 6 has, apart from the incorporated one
    Contour or the first and second subsection a circular cylindrical basic shape. The doctor blade 6 could also have another basic shape, for example the shape of a general cylinder or a prism.
    In a further embodiment, the storage chamber (s) 50 could be the
    Device 1 can be dispensed with, in which case the powdered starting material could then be supplied from above, for example via the doctor blade. Such
    Designs are known per se.
    24/37 *
    Legend for the reference numbers:
    1 Facility 28 distance 2nd Component 29 first section 3rd Source material 30th second section 4th Assembly chamber 31 expansion 5 Order direction 32 Radius of curvature 6 Squeegee 33 Radius of curvature 7 Powder layer 34 distance 8th Working level 35 expansion 9 Surface 36 distance 10th Lateral surface 37 Counter-order direction 11 Leveling surface 38 Layer thickness 12th first transition area 39 angle 12 ' Radius of curvature 40 expansion 13 first sliding surface 41 Longitudinal axis 14 second transition area 42 expansion 14 ' Radius of curvature 43 fifth transition surface 15 Step surface 50 Pantry 16 third transition area 51 Body piston 16 ' Radius of curvature 52 Dosing piston 17th second sliding surface 53 laser 18th fourth transition surface 54 Process chamber floor 18 ' Radius of curvature 19th further step surface 20th angle 24th vertical central plane 25th Bend 26 distance 27 expansion
    25/37 ·· ···· ··· ♦ ·· ·· • · · · · · · • ···· · ··· · • · · · · · · • *., **, · · * * • Sr. Rsli Hofrrrann · · ····
    Dr. Thomas Fechner
    Hörnlingerstr. 3, PO Box 5
    Patent attorneys : t ,
    Hofmann S <Fechner
    T +43 (0) 5522 73 137
    F +43 (0) 5522 73 137-10
    M office@vpat.at
    6830 Rankweil, Austria www.vpat.at
    28288/35
    170918
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    Claims
    1. Device (1) for the additive manufacturing of a component (2) from a powdery starting material (3), the device (1) having a build-up chamber (4) for building up the component (2) in layers and one that can be moved in an application direction (5) Squeegee (6) for applying a respective powder layer (7) of the starting material (3) on a build-up surface (9) lying in a working plane (8), the lateral surface (10) of the squeegee (6) being one facing the working plane (8 ) directed leveling surface (11) for leveling the layer thickness of the powder layer (7), an adjoining it via an angle (25) or via a first transition surface (12) first displacement surface (13), which is at an angle to the working plane (8) (20) is inclined by 90 ° +/- 10 °, for shifting starting material (3) in the application direction (5), and one to the first shift surface (13) via an angle (25) or via a second transition surface (14 ) subsequent step fl che (15), which is parallel to the working plane (8) or deviates from a parallel orientation to the working plane (8) by less than 5 °, characterized in that the lateral surface (10) further over the step surface (15) an angled portion (25) or a second displacement surface (17) adjoining a third transition surface (16), which is inclined at an angle (21) of 90 ° +/- 10 ° with respect to the working plane (8), for displacing starting material (3 ) in the application direction (5).
    [2]
    2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the third transition surface (16) starting from the step surface (15) to the second sliding surface (17) only rises or runs parallel to the working plane (8).
    26/37 • «<· r · · * ·
    [3]
    3. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the step surface (15) starting from the bend (25) or the second transition surface (14) to the bend (25) or the third transition surface (16) only rises or runs parallel to the working level (8).
    [4]
    4. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lateral surface (10) to the second sliding surface (17) via an angle (25) or a fourth transition surface (18) adjoining further step surface (19) has, which is parallel to the working plane (8) or deviates from a parallel orientation to the working plane (8) by less than 5 °.
    [5]
    5. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first transition surface (12) and / or the second transition surface (14) and / or the third transition surface (16) is curved, the radius of curvature (12 ') of the first transition surface (12) is in a range of 0.2 mm to 2 mm, and / or wherein the radius of curvature (14') of the second transition surface (14) is in a range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and / or wherein the radius of curvature (16 ') of the third transition surface (16) is in a range from 1 mm to 10 mm.
    [6]
    6. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first transition surface (12) and / or the second transition surface (14) and / or the third transition surface (16) is flat, the flat first transition surface (12) and / or the flat second transition surface (14) and / or the flat third transition surface (16) with the working plane (8) encloses or respectively an angle (39) of more than 5 ° and less than 50 ° . lock in.
    [7]
    7. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measured in the application direction (5) minimum distance (26) between
    27/37 ·· · * ·· the first sliding surface (13) and the second sliding surface (17) is at least 3 mm and at most 20 mm, preferably at least 5 mm and at most 15 mm.
    [8]
    8. Device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that an extension (27) measured in the application direction (5) of the step surface (15) and / or the further step surface (19), at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, of in the application direction (5) measured minimum distance (26) of the first sliding surface (15) from the second sliding surface (17).
    [9]
    9. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the leveling surface (11) is aligned parallel to the working plane (8) or is inclined to the working plane (8) by less than 10 °.
    [10]
    10. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an orthogonal to the working plane (8) measured minimum distance (28) of a deepest point of the leveling surface (11) from a deepest point of the step surface (15) at least 1 mm and is at most 5mm.
    [11]
    11. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lateral surface (10) has a first section (29), which is from a point of the smallest distance of the leveling surface (11) from the working plane (8) extends at least up to and including the second displacement surface (17), and that the lateral surface (10) furthermore has a second partial section (30), which on a vertical central plane (24), which the lateral surface (10) at the point of the smallest distance the leveling surface (11) penetrates from the working plane (8), corresponds to the mirrored first section (29).
    28/37 ·· • · · * · · • · · • € «·· ··« · β
    ····
    [12]
    12. A method for producing a component (2) with a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the powder layer (7) by means of the doctor blade (6) by moving the starting material (3) in the application direction ( 5) via a displacement path
    5 is applied, the amount of powdered starting material (3) displaced with the doctor blade (6) extending over a first part of the displacement path at least to the second displacement surface (17).
    29/37
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20030059492A1|1999-12-10|2003-03-27|Jean-Marie Gaillard|Device for applying thin layers of a powder or pulverulent material and corresponding method|
    US20070245950A1|2003-06-30|2007-10-25|Teulet Patrick D|Device for the Production of Thin Powder Layers, in Particular at High Temperatures, During a Method Involving the Use of a Laser on a Material|
    US20150357415A1|2013-02-05|2015-12-10|Mitsubishi Electric Corporation|Insulated gate silicon carbide semiconductor device and method for manufacturing same|
    JP2016029195A|2014-07-25|2016-03-03|株式会社日立製作所|Production method of alloy powder|
    WO2021228455A1|2020-05-13|2021-11-18|Messer Group Gmbh|Method for additive manufacturing under protective gas using a laser beam|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA399/2017A|AT520468B1|2017-10-09|2017-10-09|Device for the generative production of a component from a powdery starting material|ATA399/2017A| AT520468B1|2017-10-09|2017-10-09|Device for the generative production of a component from a powdery starting material|
    DE102018123541.0A| DE102018123541A1|2017-10-09|2018-09-25|Device for the generative production of a component from a powdery starting material|
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